發出 HTTP 請求

http.get<Config>('/api/config').subscribe((config) => {
  // process the configuration.
});

http.get('/images/dog.jpg', {responseType: 'arraybuffer'}).subscribe((buffer) => {
  console.log('The image is ' + buffer.byteLength + ' bytes large');
});

http.post<Config>('/api/config', newConfig).subscribe((config) => {
  console.log('Updated config:', config);
});

http
  .get('/api/config', {
    params: {filter: 'all'},
  })
  .subscribe((config) => {
    // ...
  });

const baseParams = new HttpParams().set('filter', 'all');

http
  .get('/api/config', {
    params: baseParams.set('details', 'enabled'),
  })
  .subscribe((config) => {
    // ...
  });

import {HttpClient, HttpParams, HttpParameterCodec} from '@angular/common/http';
import {inject} from '@angular/core';

export class CustomHttpParamEncoder implements HttpParameterCodec {
  encodeKey(key: string): string {
    return encodeURIComponent(key);
  }

  encodeValue(value: string): string {
    return encodeURIComponent(value);
  }

  decodeKey(key: string): string {
    return decodeURIComponent(key);
  }

  decodeValue(value: string): string {
    return decodeURIComponent(value);
  }
}

export class ApiService {
  private http = inject(HttpClient);

  search() {
    const params = new HttpParams({
      encoder: new CustomHttpParamEncoder(),
    })
      .set('email', '[email protected]')
      .set('q', 'a & b? c/d = e');

    return this.http.get('/api/items', {params});
  }
}

http
  .get('/api/config', {
    headers: {
      'X-Debug-Level': 'verbose',
    },
  })
  .subscribe((config) => {
    // ...
  });

const baseHeaders = new HttpHeaders().set('X-Debug-Level', 'minimal');

http
  .get<Config>('/api/config', {
    headers: baseHeaders.set('X-Debug-Level', 'verbose'),
  })
  .subscribe((config) => {
    // ...
  });

http.get<Config>('/api/config', {observe: 'response'}).subscribe((res) => {
  console.log('Response status:', res.status);
  console.log('Body:', res.body);
});

http
  .get('/api/download', {
    reportDownloadProgress: true,
    observe: 'events',
  })
  .subscribe((event) => {
    switch (event.type) {
      case HttpEventType.DownloadProgress:
        console.log('Downloaded ' + event.loaded + ' out of ' + event.total + ' bytes');
        break;
      case HttpEventType.Response:
        console.log('Finished downloading!');
        break;
    }
  });

http
  .get('/api/config', {
    timeout: 3000,
  })
  .subscribe({
    next: (config) => {
      console.log('Config fetched successfully:', config);
    },
    error: (err) => {
      // If the request times out, an error will have been emitted.
    },
  });

http
  .post('/api/analytics', analyticsData, {
    keepalive: true,
  })
  .subscribe();

//  Use cached response regardless of freshness
http
  .get('/api/config', {
    cache: 'force-cache',
  })
  .subscribe((config) => {
    // ...
  });

// Always fetch from network, bypass cache
http
  .get('/api/live-data', {
    cache: 'no-cache',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Use cached response only, fail if not in cache
http
  .get('/api/static-data', {
    cache: 'only-if-cached',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// High priority for critical resources
http
  .get('/api/user-profile', {
    priority: 'high',
  })
  .subscribe((profile) => {
    // ...
  });

// Low priority for non-critical resources
http
  .get('/api/recommendations', {
    priority: 'low',
  })
  .subscribe((recommendations) => {
    // ...
  });

// Auto priority (default) lets the browser decide
http
  .get('/api/settings', {
    priority: 'auto',
  })
  .subscribe((settings) => {
    // ...
  });

// Same-origin requests only
http
  .get('/api/local-data', {
    mode: 'same-origin',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// CORS-enabled cross-origin requests
http
  .get('https://api.external.com/data', {
    mode: 'cors',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// No-CORS mode for simple cross-origin requests
http
  .get('https://external-api.com/public-data', {
    mode: 'no-cors',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Follow redirects automatically (default behavior)
http
  .get('/api/resource', {
    redirect: 'follow',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Prevent automatic redirects
http
  .get('/api/resource', {
    redirect: 'manual',
  })
  .subscribe((response) => {
    // Handle redirect manually
  });

// Treat redirects as errors
http
  .get('/api/resource', {
    redirect: 'error',
  })
  .subscribe({
    next: (data) => {
      // Success response
    },
    error: (err) => {
      // Redirect responses will trigger this error handler
    },
  });

// Include credentials for cross-origin requests
http
  .get('https://api.example.com/protected-data', {
    credentials: 'include',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Never send credentials (default for cross-origin)
http
  .get('https://api.example.com/public-data', {
    credentials: 'omit',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Send credentials only for same-origin requests
http
  .get('/api/user-data', {
    credentials: 'same-origin',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// withCredentials overrides credentials setting
http
  .get('https://api.example.com/data', {
    credentials: 'omit', // This will be ignored
    withCredentials: true, // This forces credentials: 'include'
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // Request will include credentials despite credentials: 'omit'
  });

// Legacy approach (still supported)
http
  .get('https://api.example.com/data', {
    withCredentials: true,
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // Equivalent to credentials: 'include'
  });

// Send a specific referrer URL
http
  .get('/api/data', {
    referrer: 'https://example.com/page',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Use the current page as referrer (default behavior)
http
  .get('/api/analytics', {
    referrer: 'about:client',
  })
  .subscribe((data) => {
    // ...
  });

// Send no referrer information regardless of the current page
http
  .get('/api/data', {
    referrerPolicy: 'no-referrer',
  })
  .subscribe();

// Send origin only (e.g. https://example.com)
http
  .get('/api/analytics', {
    referrerPolicy: 'origin',
  })
  .subscribe();

// Verify response integrity with SHA-256 hash
http
  .get('/api/script.js', {
    integrity: 'sha256-ABC123...',
    responseType: 'text',
  })
  .subscribe((script) => {
    // Script content is verified against the hash
  });

@Service()
export class UserService {
  private http = inject(HttpClient);

  getUser(id: string): Observable<User> {
    return this.http.get<User>(`/api/user/${id}`);
  }
}

import {AsyncPipe} from '@angular/common';
import {Component, input, inject, effect} from '@angular/core';
import {Observable} from 'rxjs';

@Component({
  imports: [AsyncPipe],
  template: `
    @if (user$ | async; as user) {
      <p>Name: {{ user.name }}</p>
      <p>Biography: {{ user.biography }}</p>
    }
  `,
})
export class UserProfile {
  userId = input.required<string>();
  user$!: Observable<User>;

  private userService = inject(UserService);

  constructor() {
    effect(() => {
      this.user$ = this.userService.getUser(this.userId());
    });
  }
}